What is meant by causing physical harm to a non-party during a crime?

The phrase "causing physical harm to a non-party during a crime" refers specifically to inflicting injury on individuals who are not directly involved in the criminal act. Selecting injury to an innocent bystander aligns perfectly with this concept. Innocent bystanders are individuals who are outside the immediate context of the crime; they are not participants or accomplices and have no role in the criminal activity itself. When harm comes to such individuals, it highlights the unintended consequences that can arise from criminal actions, emphasizing the broader implications of those actions on the safety and well-being of the community.

In contrast, the other options all involve individuals who have some level of involvement in the crime or its context. Injury to an unwilling participant or accomplices suggests that these individuals are somehow associated with the criminal act, albeit unwillingly or through cooperation. Direct harm to the property owner also involves a direct connection to the crime, as that individual or their property is the target of the criminal activity. Therefore, the understanding of "non-party" specifically pertains to those who are uninvolved, making "injury to an innocent bystander" the correct interpretation.